Solid

Definition

A solid is a state of matter characterized by particles arranged in a fixed, closely packed structure, resulting in a definite shape and volume. Solids resist changes to their shape and volume under normal conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Solids have definite shape and volume due to the strong intermolecular forces holding their particles in fixed positions.
2. The particles in a solid vibrate but do not move from their fixed locations, contributing to the rigidity of the solid.
3. There are two main types of solids: crystalline (with ordered structures) and amorphous (without long-range order).
4. Crystalline solids have distinct melting points, while amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures.
5. Examples of solids include metals like iron, molecular solids like ice, ionic solids like table salt, and covalent network solids like diamond.

Review Questions

• What are the main characteristics that differentiate a solid from other states of matter?
• Explain the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids.
• Why do crystalline solids have distinct melting points while amorphous solids do not?

Related terms

Liquid:

A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape; particles can flow past one another.

Gas:

A state of matter without a definite shape or volume; particles are far apart and move freely.

Phase Transition:

$\text{The process by which matter changes from one state (or phase) to another, such as melting or freezing.}$