Hydrocarbons

Definition

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are the primary components of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The combustion of hydrocarbons releases energy in the form of heat, which can be measured as enthalpy change ($\Delta H$).
2. There are two main types of hydrocarbons: aliphatic (which includes alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes) and aromatic.
3. The enthalpy change ($\Delta H$) for a reaction involving hydrocarbons can be determined using Hess's Law and standard enthalpies of formation.
4. Combustion reactions of hydrocarbons typically produce carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) and water (H$_2$O), releasing significant amounts of energy.
5. The heat released during hydrocarbon combustion is crucial in various applications such as heating, transportation, and electricity generation.

Review Questions

• What are the primary products of hydrocarbon combustion?
• How can you determine the enthalpy change ($\Delta H$) for a hydrocarbon reaction?
• What types of bonds are present in aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Related terms

Enthalpy:

A thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume.

$\Delta H$: Symbol for enthalpy change, representing the heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction at constant pressure.

Combustion Reaction: A chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat, usually producing CO$_2$ and H$_2$O as products.