Esters

Definition

Esters are organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids in which the hydroxyl group ($-OH$) is replaced by an alkoxy group ($-OR$). They are commonly found in fats, oils, and many fragrances.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Esters are formed through a reaction known as esterification, where a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol.
2. The general formula for esters is $RCOOR'$, where $R$ and $R'$ can be either alkyl or aryl groups.
3. Esters typically have pleasant fruity odors and are used in flavorings and perfumes.
4. Hydrolysis of esters results in the formation of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
5. Esters can undergo transesterification, where one ester is transformed into another by exchanging the alkoxy group.

Review Questions

• What functional groups combine to form an ester?
• Describe the general structure of an ester.
• What products result from the hydrolysis of an ester?

Related terms

Carboxylic Acid:

An organic compound containing a carboxyl group ($-COOH$), which is typically acidic.

Alcohol: An organic compound with one or more hydroxyl ($-OH$) groups attached to a carbon atom.

Esterification:

A chemical reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, producing an ester and water.