Dilution

Definition

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually by mixing with more solvent. It is often used to achieve desired molarity for experiments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dilution formula: $M_1V_1 = M_2V_2$, where $M$ is molarity and $V$ is volume.
2. Adding solvent to a solution decreases the molarity but keeps the number of moles of solute constant.
3. To perform a dilution, you need to know the initial concentration and volume, and the final concentration or volume required.
4. Serial dilutions involve multiple step-wise dilutions to achieve very low concentrations.
5. Proper mixing is essential to ensure uniform distribution of solute after dilution.

Review Questions

• What happens to the molarity of a solution when it is diluted?
• How do you calculate the final concentration after dilution using the dilution formula?
• Why is it important to mix a solution thoroughly after performing a dilution?

Related terms

Molarity:

Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration representing moles of solute per liter of solution.

Solvent:

A solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute, forming a solution; typically present in greater amount than the solute.

Solute:

A solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.