Covalent bonds

Definition

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. These bonds typically form between non-metal atoms with similar electronegativities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple, depending on the number of shared electron pairs.
2. The electron-sharing in covalent bonds leads to the formation of molecules.
3. Molecular geometry and the shape of molecules are determined by the arrangement of covalent bonds.
4. Polar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared unequally due to differences in electronegativity.
5. Nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons between atoms with similar electronegativities.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes a covalent bond from an ionic bond?
• How does electronegativity affect the polarity of a covalent bond?
• Describe the difference between single, double, and triple covalent bonds.

Related terms

Ionic Bond: A chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically occurring between metal and non-metal atoms.

Electronegativity:

A measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons within a chemical bond.

Molecular Geometry:

The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule, influenced by the number and types of covalent bonds.