Carboxylic acids

Definition

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group ($-COOH$). They are known for being weak acids and are commonly found in nature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The general formula for carboxylic acids is $R-COOH$, where R can be a hydrogen or an alkyl group.
2. Carboxylic acids exhibit hydrogen bonding, leading to higher boiling points compared to other organic compounds of similar molecular weight.
3. They can participate in reactions such as esterification and reduction to form esters and alcohols, respectively.
4. Common examples include acetic acid (found in vinegar) and citric acid (found in citrus fruits).
5. The acidity of carboxylic acids is due to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, the carboxylate ion ($R-COO^-$).

Review Questions

• What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?
• Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than other similar molecular weight compounds?
• Name two common reactions that involve carboxylic acids.

Related terms

Aldehydes: Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. They are often intermediates in the synthesis of alcohols and carboxylic acids.

Ketones: Organic compounds with a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. They are important solvents and precursors in chemical synthesis.

Esters: Organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids, where the hydrogen of the $-COOH$ group is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. They are commonly used as fragrances and flavorings.