Intro to Chemistry

study guides for every class

that actually explain what's on your next test

Carbonyl group

from class:

Intro to Chemistry

Definition

A carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). It is a key feature in various organic compounds including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters.

congrats on reading the definition of carbonyl group. now let's actually learn it.

ok, let's learn stuff

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The carbonyl group is polar due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen.
  2. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
  3. In ketones, the carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.
  4. Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group (-COOH).
  5. Esters are formed when carboxylic acids react with alcohols and contain a carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxy group (-COOR).

Review Questions

  • What is the general structure of a carbonyl group?
  • How does the polarity of the carbonyl group affect its chemical reactivity?
  • What differentiates an aldehyde from a ketone in terms of their structure?
© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.
Glossary
Guides