Brachytherapy

Definition

Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy where a radioactive source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment. It is a targeted approach used to treat various types of cancer by delivering high doses of radiation directly to the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Brachytherapy is commonly used to treat prostate, breast, cervical, and other types of cancer.
2. The radioactive sources used in brachytherapy are typically small, sealed capsules or seeds that are precisely placed near or inside the tumor.
3. Brachytherapy can be administered as a primary treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as external beam radiation or chemotherapy.
4. The radiation dose delivered in brachytherapy is highly localized, which helps to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissues and reduce the risk of side effects.
5. Brachytherapy can be delivered in either a temporary or permanent implant, depending on the type of cancer and the specific treatment plan.

Review Questions

• Explain how brachytherapy differs from external beam radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer.
  • Brachytherapy is a targeted form of radiation therapy where the radioactive source is placed directly inside or next to the tumor, whereas external beam radiation therapy involves directing high-energy radiation beams from outside the body towards the cancer. The key difference is that brachytherapy delivers a higher dose of radiation directly to the tumor site, while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. This allows for a more precise and localized treatment approach compared to external beam radiation therapy.
• Describe the different types of brachytherapy and the specific applications for each.
  • There are two main types of brachytherapy: interstitial brachytherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy. Interstitial brachytherapy involves placing the radioactive source directly into the tumor or surrounding tissue, often using needles or catheters. This is commonly used to treat prostate, breast, and other solid tumors. Intracavitary brachytherapy, on the other hand, involves placing the radioactive source in a body cavity, such as the cervix or uterus, to treat cancers in those areas. The choice between these two approaches depends on the location and type of cancer being treated, as well as the specific treatment plan developed by the oncology team.
• Evaluate the advantages and potential limitations of using brachytherapy in the treatment of cancer compared to other radiation therapy techniques.
  • The primary advantage of brachytherapy is its ability to deliver a high, targeted dose of radiation directly to the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. This can lead to improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects for the patient. Brachytherapy is also a more convenient option for some patients, as it can be performed on an outpatient basis and may require fewer treatment sessions compared to external beam radiation therapy. However, brachytherapy may not be suitable for all types of cancer or tumor locations, and it requires specialized equipment and expertise to administer safely. Additionally, the placement of the radioactive source can be technically challenging, and there is a risk of complications, such as infection or bleeding, associated with the implantation procedure. Overall, the decision to use brachytherapy as a cancer treatment must be carefully evaluated by the oncology team based on the individual patient's needs and the specific characteristics of the tumor.

Related terms

Radioisotope: A radioactive isotope of an element that can be used for medical imaging, diagnosis, or treatment, such as in brachytherapy.

Interstitial Brachytherapy: A type of brachytherapy where the radioactive source is placed directly into the tumor or tissue, typically using needles or catheters.

Intracavitary Brachytherapy: A type of brachytherapy where the radioactive source is placed in a body cavity, such as the cervix or uterus, to treat cancers in those areas.