Theory of relativity

Definition

The theory of relativity, developed by Albert Einstein, describes the relationship between space and time. It consists of two parts: special relativity and general relativity, which respectively address the behavior of objects in inertial frames and the influence of gravity on the fabric of spacetime.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Special relativity introduces the famous equation E=mc^2, linking mass (m) to energy (E) with c representing the speed of light.
2. General relativity explains how massive objects cause spacetime to curve, resulting in gravitational attraction.
3. In special relativity, time dilation occurs when an object approaches the speed of light, making time pass slower for that object relative to a stationary observer.
4. The Sun's energy production through nuclear fusion can be explained using E=mc^2, where a small amount of mass is converted into a large amount of energy.
5. General relativity predicts phenomena such as gravitational lensing and black holes, important concepts in astronomy.

Review Questions

• What is the significance of E=mc^2 in understanding the Sun's energy production?
• How does general relativity describe the effect of gravity on spacetime?
• What are two predictions made by general relativity that are essential for astronomical observations?

Related terms

Special Relativity:

A theory proposed by Einstein that deals with objects moving at constant speeds close to the speed of light.

General Relativity:

Einstein's theory explaining how gravity affects the fabric of spacetime around massive objects.

Nuclear Fusion:

The process by which atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.