Orbit

Definition

An orbit is the curved path of an object around a point in space, typically a star, planet, or moon, due to gravitational forces. Orbits can be circular or elliptical, depending on the balance of gravitational pull and the object's velocity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Kepler's First Law states that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.
2. The period of an orbit is the time it takes for an object to complete one full cycle around another object.
3. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation helps explain why objects follow specific orbital paths due to gravitational attraction.
4. A geostationary orbit allows a satellite to remain fixed over one point on Earth's surface.
5. The speed required for an object to maintain a stable orbit is called orbital velocity.

Review Questions

• What shape do planetary orbits take according to Kepler's First Law?
• How does Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation relate to orbital motion?
• What is the significance of a geostationary orbit?

Related terms

Elliptical Orbit:

An orbit that follows an oval-shaped path rather than a perfect circle.

Geostationary Orbit:

A type of orbit where an object remains fixed above one point on Earth's equator.

Orbital Velocity:

The speed needed for an object to stay in its orbit around another body without falling into it or escaping gravity.