Operation Desert Storm

Definition

Operation Desert Storm was the combat phase of the Gulf War that took place from January 17 to February 28, 1991, aimed at expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait. It marked a significant military intervention by a coalition of forces led by the United States, showcasing new technologies in warfare and highlighting the geopolitical dynamics of the post-Cold War era.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The operation began with a massive aerial bombardment that targeted Iraqi military infrastructure, communication systems, and supply lines.
2. The coalition forces used advanced technology, including precision-guided munitions, which significantly increased the effectiveness of airstrikes.
3. Ground operations commenced on February 24, 1991, with coalition troops quickly advancing into Kuwait and defeating Iraqi forces within just 100 hours.
4. The swift victory in Operation Desert Storm solidified the United States' role as a dominant military power in the post-Cold War world.
5. The operation concluded with a ceasefire on February 28, 1991, leading to the liberation of Kuwait but leaving Saddam Hussein in power in Iraq.

Review Questions

• What were the key strategies employed during Operation Desert Storm and how did they contribute to the coalition's success?
  • Key strategies during Operation Desert Storm included extensive aerial bombardment and the use of 'Shock and Awe' tactics. The initial air campaign aimed to destroy Iraq's military capabilities and infrastructure before ground troops moved in. This combination of overwhelming force and advanced technology allowed coalition forces to achieve rapid success, decisively liberating Kuwait within weeks.
• Analyze the implications of Operation Desert Storm for U.S. foreign policy in the post-Cold War era.
  • Operation Desert Storm had significant implications for U.S. foreign policy by establishing America as a leading global military power and setting a precedent for future interventions. The successful coalition effort demonstrated the effectiveness of multilateral military action and reinforced the U.S.'s commitment to protecting its allies in the Middle East. Additionally, it highlighted the importance of international coalitions in addressing regional conflicts and maintaining stability.
• Evaluate the long-term consequences of Operation Desert Storm on Iraq and its leadership under Saddam Hussein.
  • The long-term consequences of Operation Desert Storm for Iraq were profound, as it weakened Saddam Hussein's regime but ultimately did not remove him from power. The operation exposed vulnerabilities within Iraq's military and resulted in economic sanctions that devastated the country's economy. The aftermath created ongoing tensions between Iraq and its neighbors, especially with continued U.S. presence in the region, setting the stage for future conflicts such as the Iraq War in 2003.

Related terms

Gulf War:

A conflict that began with Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, leading to a U.S.-led coalition responding to restore Kuwait's sovereignty.

Coalition Forces: An alliance of 35 countries formed to counter Iraq's aggression in Kuwait, including the United States, United Kingdom, France, and several Arab nations.

Shock and Awe: A military strategy employed during Operation Desert Storm that aimed to incapacitate the enemy's will to fight through overwhelming force and rapid dominance.