Eczema

Definition

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and dry patches on the skin. It is commonly associated with allergic responses and is often linked to an imbalance in the immune system, particularly involving IgE-mediated immunity, where the body reacts abnormally to allergens, resulting in inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Eczema affects about 10-20% of children and 1-3% of adults, indicating its prevalence as a common condition.
2. The condition is often triggered by environmental factors such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, which can cause IgE-mediated hypersensitivity.
3. Individuals with eczema often experience a compromised skin barrier, leading to increased transepidermal water loss and making the skin more prone to irritation.
4. There is a strong genetic component to eczema; individuals with a family history of allergic conditions are at higher risk for developing this skin disease.
5. Treatment for eczema typically includes topical corticosteroids, moisturizers, and avoiding known triggers to help manage flare-ups.

Review Questions

• How does the immune response in eczema differ from normal immune function?
  • In eczema, the immune response is often hyperactive, particularly involving IgE antibodies that react to non-harmful allergens. This abnormal response leads to inflammation and irritation of the skin. In contrast, normal immune function typically involves a balanced response that does not overreact to harmless substances. The imbalance in eczema contributes to chronic symptoms and exacerbates skin barrier dysfunction.
• Discuss the relationship between eczema and environmental allergens in the context of IgE-mediated immunity.
  • Environmental allergens play a significant role in triggering eczema flare-ups through IgE-mediated immunity. When exposed to allergens like pollen or pet dander, individuals with eczema may produce excessive IgE antibodies. This overproduction leads to an inflammatory response that manifests as itchy, red patches on the skin. Understanding this relationship highlights the importance of managing environmental triggers to control eczema symptoms effectively.
• Evaluate the impact of genetic predisposition on the development of eczema and its connection to other allergic diseases.
  • Genetic predisposition significantly influences the likelihood of developing eczema and is often linked to other allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever. Individuals with a family history of these conditions may have inherited variations in genes that affect immune responses and skin barrier function. This connection illustrates how eczema serves as part of a broader spectrum of atopic disorders, emphasizing the need for comprehensive management strategies that address both skin health and overall immune balance.

Related terms

IgE:

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in allergic reactions and defenses against parasitic infections.

Allergen: An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction by triggering the immune system to respond, leading to symptoms like those seen in eczema.

Skin Barrier Dysfunction: Skin barrier dysfunction refers to the impaired ability of the skin to act as a protective barrier, which can lead to increased water loss and susceptibility to allergens and irritants.