Theravada Buddhism

Definition

Theravada Buddhism is one of the oldest branches of Buddhism, primarily practiced in countries like Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia. It emphasizes adherence to the original teachings of the Buddha, focusing on individual enlightenment through personal meditation and ethical living. This form of Buddhism is distinguished by its conservative nature, valuing the Pali Canon as its primary scripture and promoting the ideal of becoming an arahant, a person who has attained Nirvana.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Theravada Buddhism is often referred to as the 'Teaching of the Elders' and emphasizes a more monastic lifestyle compared to other forms of Buddhism.
2. Meditation practices in Theravada are varied but commonly include Vipassana (insight meditation) and Samatha (calmness or tranquility meditation).
3. Laypeople in Theravada Buddhist societies support monastic communities by providing food and resources, which helps maintain a symbiotic relationship between monks and lay followers.
4. The concept of 'kamma' (karma) plays a crucial role in Theravada beliefs, where individuals are responsible for their actions and their consequences in this life and future rebirths.
5. Theravada has faced modern challenges such as globalization and Western influence, prompting adaptations while still striving to preserve traditional practices.

Review Questions

• How does Theravada Buddhism distinguish itself from Mahayana Buddhism in terms of teachings and practices?
  • Theravada Buddhism distinguishes itself from Mahayana Buddhism primarily through its focus on individual enlightenment and strict adherence to the original teachings of the Buddha. While Mahayana emphasizes the concept of Bodhisattvas—individuals who strive to attain enlightenment for the sake of all beings—Theravada centers around achieving personal Nirvana. Additionally, Theravada relies on the Pali Canon as its scripture, whereas Mahayana incorporates a wider array of texts, leading to differing rituals and practices.
• Discuss the role of meditation in Theravada Buddhism and its significance for practitioners.
  • Meditation is central to Theravada Buddhism as it is seen as a vital practice for achieving enlightenment. Practitioners engage in various forms of meditation such as Vipassana for insight into the nature of reality and Samatha for cultivating tranquility. These meditative practices help individuals understand their thoughts and emotions better, reduce suffering, and develop mindfulness. The emphasis on personal experience through meditation also reinforces the individual responsibility each practitioner has towards their spiritual journey.
• Evaluate how modern challenges such as globalization impact traditional practices within Theravada Buddhism.
  • Modern challenges like globalization significantly impact traditional practices within Theravada Buddhism by introducing new ideas, lifestyles, and technologies that can either complement or conflict with established customs. As Western influences permeate societies where Theravada is practiced, some communities adapt by incorporating contemporary methods while striving to retain core teachings. This tension between preserving tradition and embracing change can lead to a revitalization of interest among younger generations but may also cause divisions within communities regarding what constitutes authentic practice.

Related terms

Buddha:

The title given to Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, who achieved enlightenment and shared his insights on suffering and the path to liberation.

Sangha:

The community of monks and nuns in Buddhism, considered an essential part of the Three Jewels along with the Buddha and Dharma.

Nirvana:

The ultimate goal in Buddhism, representing the liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara) and the end of suffering.