Fundamentalism

Definition

Fundamentalism is a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines, typically in reaction to modernist interpretations of religious texts, and it often emphasizes the literal interpretation of sacred scriptures. This term is widely associated with movements within various religions that seek to return to foundational beliefs and practices, often in response to perceived threats from secularism or liberal ideologies. Fundamentalism can lead to increased tensions and conflicts within societies, especially when differing interpretations of faith clash.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fundamentalism can manifest in various religions, including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, each with its unique characteristics and responses to modernity.
2. Fundamentalist movements often emerge during times of social change or crisis, as adherents seek certainty and stability through a return to perceived original teachings.
3. The rise of fundamentalism can contribute to inter-religious and intra-religious conflicts, as differing beliefs about faith and practice lead to tensions between groups.
4. In many cases, fundamentalist groups engage in active resistance against secular influences and promote the implementation of religious laws in governance.
5. Fundamentalism does not only advocate for beliefs but can also manifest through cultural practices, education systems, and community life, shaping the identities of its followers.

Review Questions

• How does fundamentalism reflect a reaction to modernity within various religious contexts?
  • Fundamentalism often arises as a response to the challenges posed by modernity, such as secularism and changing social norms. It reflects a desire among adherents to return to foundational beliefs that provide clear moral guidance amid perceived moral ambiguity. This push against modernity can result in movements that seek to uphold traditional values and practices in the face of rapid societal changes.
• Discuss the role of fundamentalist movements in fostering conflicts both within and between religious communities.
  • Fundamentalist movements can intensify conflicts within religious communities by emphasizing strict interpretations of doctrine, leading to divisions among different factions. Moreover, these movements can also create tensions between different faiths as each seeks to assert its beliefs over others. The resulting conflicts are often fueled by competing narratives about truth and authority, which can escalate into violence or discrimination against those viewed as outsiders.
• Evaluate the impact of fundamentalism on contemporary global politics and society, particularly in relation to peacemaking efforts.
  • Fundamentalism significantly impacts contemporary global politics by influencing both domestic policies and international relations. Its emergence can complicate peacemaking efforts, as fundamentalist groups may reject compromise and dialogue in favor of strict adherence to their beliefs. This polarization poses challenges for conflict resolution, as addressing the underlying issues often requires engagement with deeply held convictions that fundamentalists prioritize above negotiation or coexistence.

Related terms

Extremism: Extremism refers to the holding of extreme political or religious views that may advocate for violence or radical actions to achieve ideological goals.

Secularism: Secularism is the principle of separating religion from civic affairs and government, often viewed as a challenge by fundamentalist movements.

Religious Revivalism: Religious revivalism is a movement aimed at reawakening and revitalizing a particular faith, often characterized by a return to traditional beliefs and practices.