Friedrich Engels

Definition

Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, and political theorist best known for his collaboration with Karl Marx in developing the theory of socialism and critique of capitalism. His writings, particularly 'The Condition of the Working Class in England' and 'The Communist Manifesto,' played a crucial role in laying the groundwork for modern socialist movements and influenced nationalist ideologies across Europe by promoting the idea of class struggle.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Engels was born in 1820 in Prussia and came from a wealthy family that owned textile factories, which influenced his views on labor and capitalism.
2. His work 'The Condition of the Working Class in England' highlighted the dire living conditions of the working class during the Industrial Revolution, calling attention to the need for social reform.
3. Engels not only collaborated with Marx but also financially supported him, allowing Marx to focus on his writing and research.
4. Engels argued that nationalism could be progressive when it served to unify oppressed classes against common exploiters, influencing socialist national movements.
5. After Marx's death in 1883, Engels continued to promote Marxist ideas, editing and publishing some of Marx's unfinished works, including 'Capital.'

Review Questions

• How did Friedrich Engels contribute to the development of socialist thought alongside Karl Marx?
  • Friedrich Engels played a key role in shaping socialist thought by co-authoring foundational texts like 'The Communist Manifesto' with Karl Marx. His insights into the plight of the working class and critiques of capitalism highlighted the need for social change. Through their collaboration, they established concepts such as class struggle and historical materialism, which became cornerstones of socialist ideology.
• Discuss how Engels' views on nationalism differ from traditional nationalist ideologies.
  • Engels viewed nationalism through a lens that connected it to class struggle rather than ethnic or cultural supremacy. He believed that nationalism could serve a progressive function when it unified workers against oppressive ruling classes. This perspective diverged from traditional nationalism by emphasizing solidarity among working people across national borders, rather than division based on national identity.
• Evaluate the impact of Engels' writings on the labor movements and nationalist sentiments in Europe during the 19th century.
  • Engels' writings had a profound impact on labor movements and nationalist sentiments in 19th-century Europe by providing a theoretical foundation for workers’ rights and social justice. His detailed accounts of working conditions fueled public awareness and mobilized collective action among workers. Furthermore, by framing nationalism as potentially beneficial for oppressed classes, he influenced various nationalist movements that sought to empower workers while challenging capitalist exploitation, leading to a broader push for social reform across Europe.

Related terms

Karl Marx:

A German philosopher and economist who co-authored 'The Communist Manifesto' with Engels and is best known for his theories on capitalism and socialism.

Communism: A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively, often associated with Marxist theory.

Socialism: An economic and political system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole, aiming to achieve greater social equality.