key term - Codominance

Definition

Codominance is a genetic situation where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive. This means that both traits contribute to the organism's appearance, leading to a unique phenotype that showcases both characteristics distinctly, rather than blending them together. Codominance provides a clear example of how multiple alleles can interact in inheritance patterns and contributes to the diversity seen in traits.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In codominance, both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype, meaning traits from both parents appear simultaneously.
2. An example of codominance is seen in blood types; for instance, individuals with IAIB genotype have AB blood type, displaying both A and B antigens.
3. Codominance is different from incomplete dominance, where traits blend together instead of showing both distinct traits.
4. The concept of codominance helps explain why some traits, such as flower color in certain plants or coat color in animals, can exhibit more than one phenotype at the same time.
5. Codominance plays an important role in genetics and inheritance studies, helping scientists understand complex traits and variations within populations.

Review Questions

• How does codominance differ from incomplete dominance in terms of phenotype expression?
  • Codominance and incomplete dominance represent two different patterns of inheritance. In codominance, both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote, leading to distinct traits from each parent being visible simultaneously, such as AB blood type showing both A and B antigens. In contrast, incomplete dominance results in a blended phenotype where neither trait dominates; for example, crossing red and white flowers may produce pink flowers. Thus, codominance maintains the individuality of each trait while incomplete dominance merges them into a new phenotype.
• Explain how codominance contributes to genetic diversity using examples from nature.
  • Codominance significantly contributes to genetic diversity by allowing for the simultaneous expression of multiple traits within a single organism. For example, in certain breeds of cattle, a cow may exhibit both red and white patches on its coat due to the codominant expression of its alleles. This creates a unique phenotype that adds to the variability within the population. Additionally, human blood types showcase codominance with individuals who inherit an A allele from one parent and a B allele from another expressing both A and B antigens. These examples illustrate how codominance enriches the genetic tapestry of populations.
• Evaluate the importance of understanding codominance in genetic research and its implications for breeding programs.
  • Understanding codominance is essential in genetic research as it reveals how traits can coexist without masking one another. This knowledge is particularly valuable in breeding programs aimed at enhancing specific traits. For instance, breeders may intentionally select for codominant traits to produce animals or plants with desired characteristics while maintaining genetic diversity. Moreover, recognizing codominant inheritance patterns can aid researchers in predicting phenotypic outcomes in offspring, facilitating more accurate breeding strategies and advancing our comprehension of heredity and evolution.

Related terms

allele:

Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome, influencing the trait expressed.

incomplete dominance:

A genetic scenario where the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes, creating a blend.

multiple alleles:

When more than two alleles exist for a gene within a population, allowing for a variety of possible genotypes and phenotypes.