Long division

Definition

Long division is a method used to divide larger numbers or polynomials by breaking down the division process into a series of easier steps. This technique is particularly useful when dealing with polynomials, as it allows you to systematically divide the terms, making it easier to find both the quotient and the remainder. The method is foundational for understanding more complex concepts in algebra, especially when working with rational functions and their properties.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In long division of polynomials, each term is divided sequentially, which allows for easier handling of complex expressions.
2. The degree of the polynomial in the divisor must be less than or equal to the degree of the polynomial being divided for long division to apply effectively.
3. When performing long division on polynomials, it's important to line up like terms to avoid errors in calculation.
4. The process continues until either all terms have been divided or the degree of the remainder is less than that of the divisor.
5. Understanding long division is crucial for performing partial fraction decomposition, which relies on breaking down rational functions into simpler components.

Review Questions

• How does long division facilitate the understanding of polynomial behavior when applied in division problems?
  • Long division allows for a systematic approach to dividing polynomials, breaking down complex expressions into manageable parts. This method helps in understanding how polynomials behave at various degrees and simplifies the process of finding zeros and asymptotes. By visualizing the quotient and remainder separately, one can better interpret the relationships between polynomial terms and their contributions to function graphs.
• What are the steps involved in performing long division on polynomials, and why is it important to align like terms correctly?
  • Performing long division on polynomials involves writing both the dividend and divisor in standard form, dividing the leading terms, multiplying back, and subtracting step-by-step until reaching a remainder. Aligning like terms correctly is crucial because it ensures accuracy in subtraction and helps maintain the order of polynomial degrees. This organization prevents mistakes that can lead to incorrect quotients and misinterpretation of polynomial properties.
• Evaluate how long division impacts the process of rational function decomposition and its applications in calculus.
  • Long division plays a significant role in rational function decomposition by allowing us to break down complex fractions into simpler parts. This is particularly important when preparing to integrate rational functions or analyze their limits. Understanding how to perform long division effectively leads to easier identification of vertical asymptotes and horizontal behavior of rational functions, which are essential concepts in calculus for determining continuity and differentiability.

Related terms

Polynomial:

An algebraic expression that consists of variables, coefficients, and non-negative integer exponents.

Quotient: The result obtained from dividing one quantity by another in division.

Remainder Theorem:

A theorem that states that the remainder of the division of a polynomial by a linear divisor can be found by evaluating the polynomial at the root of the divisor.