Conflict Theory

Definition

Conflict theory is a sociological perspective that views society as composed of groups competing for limited resources and power. This theory emphasizes the struggles between different social classes and the inherent conflicts that arise due to inequality, leading to social change and the development of new social structures.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Conflict theory was developed by Karl Marx, who argued that societal change is driven by class struggles and economic inequalities.
2. In religious contexts, conflict theory can be used to analyze how different religious groups compete for followers, resources, and influence within society.
3. This theory highlights how dominant groups maintain their power by suppressing subordinate groups, creating a cycle of conflict and resistance.
4. Conflict theory also examines the role of ideology in justifying inequalities, where dominant beliefs reinforce the status quo and prevent social change.
5. Social movements often arise from the tensions identified by conflict theory, as marginalized groups seek to challenge existing power structures and advocate for equality.

Review Questions

• How does conflict theory explain the role of religion in societal struggles for power and resources?
  • Conflict theory posits that religion can serve as both a source of unity for marginalized groups and a tool for the dominant classes to maintain control. Religious institutions may align with powerful interests to reinforce existing inequalities or challenge them through social movements. This duality illustrates how religion can both reflect and shape societal conflicts over resources and influence.
• Discuss the implications of conflict theory for understanding inter-religious tensions and competition in diverse societies.
  • Conflict theory suggests that inter-religious tensions often arise from competition for resources, followers, and social recognition. As different religious groups vie for influence, conflicts can emerge, leading to tensions that manifest in social strife or even violence. This perspective allows for a deeper understanding of how power dynamics among religious communities shape societal interactions and contribute to broader social inequalities.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of conflict theory in explaining the historical role of religious movements in challenging social hierarchies.
  • Conflict theory effectively highlights how various religious movements have historically served as catalysts for challenging existing social hierarchies. Movements rooted in religious convictions have often mobilized marginalized populations to contest oppressive systems and advocate for justice and equality. By analyzing these movements through the lens of conflict theory, one can appreciate their significance in altering social structures and prompting transformative change within society.

Related terms

Social Stratification:

The hierarchical arrangement of individuals in society based on factors such as wealth, power, and prestige.

Class Conflict: The tension and antagonism that exists between different social classes, often stemming from inequalities in wealth and power.

Power Dynamics: The ways in which power is distributed and exercised within society, influencing relationships and interactions between individuals and groups.