Terracotta Army

Definition

The Terracotta Army is a collection of thousands of life-sized clay soldiers and horses buried near the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, dating back to around 210–209 BCE. This monumental funerary complex serves as a testament to the emperor's power and his belief in an afterlife, as it was designed to protect him in the next world. Each figure in the army is unique, showcasing intricate details that reflect the artistry and craftsmanship of the time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by farmers digging a well near the city of Xi'an, China, revealing one of the most significant archaeological finds of the 20th century.
2. It is estimated that there are over 8,000 soldiers, along with chariots and horses, meticulously arranged in battle formations, reflecting the military prowess of Qin Shi Huang's reign.
3. Each soldier is uniquely crafted with distinct facial features, hairstyles, and clothing styles, showcasing advanced techniques in clay modeling and firing.
4. The Terracotta Army was created not only as a protective force for the emperor but also as part of a larger funerary complex that includes various other structures and artifacts related to the emperor's burial.
5. The site has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987, highlighting its cultural significance and preserving it for future generations.

Review Questions

• How does the design and construction of the Terracotta Army reflect the beliefs and values of Qin Shi Huang's reign?
  • The Terracotta Army illustrates Qin Shi Huang's belief in an afterlife where he would require protection and companionship. By creating thousands of unique soldiers to accompany him in death, it reflects his absolute power and his desire to maintain control even beyond life. The intricate details and vast number of figures signify the importance he placed on legacy and immortality.
• Discuss the significance of the Terracotta Army within the broader context of funerary art in ancient China.
  • The Terracotta Army is a prime example of funerary art that demonstrates the sophisticated beliefs regarding death and the afterlife prevalent in ancient China. It showcases how rulers used monumental art to assert their power and ensure their safety in death. This aligns with other forms of funerary practices at that time which aimed at honoring the dead through elaborate burial sites filled with items for use in the afterlife.
• Evaluate the impact of discovering the Terracotta Army on our understanding of ancient Chinese civilization and its cultural practices.
  • The discovery of the Terracotta Army has profoundly impacted our understanding of ancient Chinese civilization by providing insights into their social structure, military organization, and artistic achievements. The sheer scale of the army indicates a highly centralized power under Qin Shi Huang, while the diversity among individual figures reveals a complex society with varying roles. Furthermore, it has sparked interest in archaeological methods and preservation efforts that are essential for studying ancient cultures, enhancing our appreciation for their contributions to human history.

Related terms

Qin Shi Huang:

The first emperor of a unified China, known for his authoritarian rule and significant reforms, including the standardization of measurements and writing.

Funerary Art: Art created to honor and commemorate the deceased, often found in tombs and burial sites, intended to aid the dead in their afterlife.

Mausoleum: A large and impressive burial structure or tomb that often holds the remains of significant individuals, such as emperors or important leaders.