Prairie school refers to a late 19th and early 20th-century architectural movement that originated in the Midwest of the United States, characterized by its emphasis on horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, and an integration of the building with its landscape. This style is closely associated with Frank Lloyd Wright, who aimed to create structures that reflected the vast open spaces of the prairie and promoted a sense of harmony between architecture and nature.
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The Prairie School style emerged in the late 1800s and is considered a reaction against the more ornate styles of the Victorian era, favoring simplicity and functionality.
Buildings designed in the Prairie School style often feature open floor plans, extensive use of natural materials like wood and brick, and large windows to allow for ample natural light.
One of the most iconic examples of Prairie School architecture is the Robie House in Chicago, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, which showcases all the key features of the style.
The movement also emphasized the importance of the surrounding landscape, often incorporating elements like gardens and terraces into the design to create a seamless transition between indoors and outdoors.
Prairie School had a significant impact on American architecture, influencing later movements such as modernism and continuing to inspire architects today.
Review Questions
How did the Prairie School movement reflect its context in American architectural history?
The Prairie School movement emerged as a response to the elaborate designs of the Victorian era, emphasizing simplicity, functionality, and harmony with nature. It reflected a growing desire for buildings that resonated with the American landscape, particularly in the Midwest. The movement sought to create a distinctly American architectural identity, drawing inspiration from local materials and styles while promoting open spaces that encouraged interaction with nature.
Discuss how Frank Lloyd Wright's philosophy influenced the development of Prairie School architecture.
Frank Lloyd Wright's philosophy of organic architecture played a pivotal role in shaping the Prairie School movement. He believed that buildings should be designed to coexist harmoniously with their environment. This is evident in his use of horizontal lines and natural materials, which mimic the flat prairies. Wright’s emphasis on open floor plans and large windows also reflects his commitment to blurring the lines between indoor and outdoor spaces, creating homes that are integrated into their landscapes.
Evaluate the lasting impact of Prairie School architecture on contemporary architectural practices.
Prairie School architecture has had a lasting influence on contemporary architectural practices by promoting ideas of sustainability, integration with nature, and functional design. Modern architects continue to draw inspiration from its principles, particularly in their use of open spaces and natural materials. Additionally, the focus on designing buildings that reflect their surroundings has become increasingly relevant in today's discussions on environmental responsibility, making Prairie School not just a historical movement but a relevant framework for modern architecture.
An influential American architect who was a leading figure in the Prairie School movement and known for his philosophy of organic architecture.
Organic Architecture: A design philosophy that seeks harmony between human habitation and the natural world through architectural design that integrates with its environment.
Bungalow: A style of house that emerged during the same period as the Prairie School, typically one or one-and-a-half stories with a low profile and broad eaves, emphasizing simplicity and connection to nature.