Great Sphinx of Giza

Definition

The Great Sphinx of Giza is a monumental limestone statue located on the Giza Plateau in Egypt, featuring a reclining lion's body with a human head. It is believed to represent the Pharaoh Khafre, embodying strength and wisdom, and serves as a guardian figure near the pyramids. Its construction is closely linked to the Old Kingdom period, showcasing the incredible architectural achievements and cultural significance of this era.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Great Sphinx measures about 66 feet (20 meters) high and 240 feet (73 meters) long, making it one of the largest and oldest statues in the world.
2. It was carved from a single limestone ridge and dates back to around 2500 BCE during the reign of Pharaoh Khafre.
3. The Sphinx has suffered significant erosion over time due to natural elements, leading to restoration efforts throughout history.
4. Historically, it was believed that the Sphinx had a beard, which was broken off and is now housed in the British Museum.
5. The Great Sphinx serves as a symbol of ancient Egyptian civilization and has fascinated historians and archaeologists for centuries regarding its purpose and meaning.

Review Questions

• How does the Great Sphinx of Giza reflect the values and beliefs of Old Kingdom Egypt?
  • The Great Sphinx of Giza embodies key values of Old Kingdom Egypt, such as power, protection, and divine kingship. Its depiction of a lion's body paired with a human head symbolizes strength combined with wisdom, reflecting how pharaohs were viewed as earthly representations of gods. As a guardian figure located near the pyramids, it underscores the belief in an afterlife and the protection of royal tombs, which were essential during this period.
• Discuss the architectural significance of the Great Sphinx in relation to other structures built during the Old Kingdom.
  • The Great Sphinx represents a remarkable feat in ancient architecture alongside the Pyramids of Giza. While these pyramids served as monumental tombs for pharaohs, the Sphinx adds a sculptural element that enhances the sacred landscape. Its size and intricacy illustrate the advanced techniques and artistic skill of Old Kingdom builders, highlighting their ability to create lasting symbols that convey power and authority. This integration of sculpture with monumental architecture set a precedent for future constructions in Egypt.
• Evaluate the impact of erosion and restoration efforts on our understanding of the Great Sphinx’s original form and purpose.
  • The erosion suffered by the Great Sphinx over millennia has significantly impacted our understanding of its original form and purpose. Erosion has altered key features, such as its face and beard, leading to debates among historians regarding its initial appearance and symbolic meaning. Restoration efforts have aimed to preserve its structure but sometimes introduce modern interpretations that can obscure historical authenticity. This ongoing dialogue about preservation versus historical accuracy reflects broader challenges in archaeological studies related to interpreting ancient artifacts in their original context.

Related terms

Khafre:

The fourth dynasty Pharaoh of ancient Egypt who is associated with the construction of the second pyramid at Giza and is believed to be represented by the Great Sphinx.

Pyramids of Giza: A group of three major pyramids built during the Old Kingdom, including the Great Pyramid of Khufu, that served as monumental tombs for pharaohs.

Sculpture: The art of shaping materials into three-dimensional forms; in the context of the Sphinx, it highlights the advanced techniques employed by ancient Egyptian artisans.