Dominion of Canada

Definition

The Dominion of Canada refers to the federal state established in 1867 when the British North America Act united the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia under a single constitution. This new political entity marked a significant step towards Canadian self-governance while still maintaining ties to the British Empire. The term 'Dominion' symbolizes Canada’s status as a semi-autonomous colony, reflecting both its independence and its continuing allegiance to Britain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Dominion of Canada was officially established on July 1, 1867, a date now celebrated as Canada Day.
2. The original four provinces in the Dominion were Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, with more provinces joining later.
3. The British North America Act established a parliamentary system based on British models, but allowed for local governance through provincial legislatures.
4. The term 'Dominion' was chosen to signify Canada's relationship with Britain, implying a level of autonomy while still recognizing British authority.
5. The establishment of the Dominion set the stage for future constitutional developments that led to full sovereignty, especially with the Statute of Westminster in 1931.

Review Questions

• How did the British North America Act facilitate the creation of the Dominion of Canada?
  • The British North America Act provided the legal framework necessary for uniting the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into one federation known as the Dominion of Canada. It laid out essential elements such as governance structures, distribution of powers between federal and provincial governments, and the formation of a parliamentary system. This act was crucial in establishing a sense of nationhood and identity among Canadians while still maintaining a connection to Britain.
• Discuss the significance of Confederation in shaping Canadian national identity during the formation of the Dominion.
  • Confederation was significant because it represented a collective decision by various provinces to unite for mutual benefit and stability. It allowed these provinces to collaborate on issues such as defense, trade, and infrastructure while fostering a unique Canadian identity separate from British colonial rule. This shift encouraged a sense of belonging and pride among citizens, contributing to the development of a cohesive national narrative that continues to influence Canada's identity today.
• Evaluate how the establishment of the Dominion of Canada influenced later movements towards complete independence from Britain.
  • The establishment of the Dominion of Canada was a pivotal moment that laid the groundwork for Canada's journey towards complete independence. Although it began as a semi-autonomous entity within the British Empire, it introduced self-governance principles that empowered Canadians to manage their affairs. This momentum continued to grow over the years, leading to significant milestones such as the Statute of Westminster in 1931, which granted full legislative independence, ultimately culminating in the patriation of Canada's constitution in 1982. Each step reflected an evolving sense of Canadian identity and nationalism that sought greater autonomy from British oversight.

Related terms

British North America Act:

The legislation passed by the British Parliament in 1867 that created the Dominion of Canada and outlined its structure of government.

Confederation:

The process by which the original provinces of Canada united to form the Dominion of Canada, which included negotiations and agreements on governance.

Self-Government: The principle allowing colonies to have control over their own internal affairs, which Canada began to exercise as a Dominion.