Targeted therapy

Definition

Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs or other substances to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, while minimizing damage to normal cells. This approach focuses on the specific genetic, molecular, or cellular changes seen in particular types of cancer, making it a critical component of personalized medicine. By tailoring treatments based on individual characteristics, targeted therapies offer a more effective and often less harmful alternative to traditional chemotherapy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Targeted therapies are designed to interfere with specific pathways that allow cancer cells to grow and survive, leading to more effective treatments.
2. These therapies can be used alone or in combination with other treatments like chemotherapy and radiation for enhanced effectiveness.
3. Targeted therapy can lead to fewer side effects compared to traditional cancer treatments because they focus specifically on cancer cells.
4. The development of targeted therapies relies heavily on genomic profiling, which identifies the unique genetic alterations present in a patient's tumor.
5. Not all patients respond to targeted therapies, making it essential to conduct thorough testing to ensure the right treatment match.

Review Questions

• How does targeted therapy differ from traditional chemotherapy in treating cancer?
  • Targeted therapy differs from traditional chemotherapy primarily in its approach to treating cancer. While chemotherapy broadly attacks rapidly dividing cells, including both cancerous and normal cells, targeted therapy specifically targets the unique genetic and molecular features of cancer cells. This specificity not only improves the effectiveness of the treatment but also reduces damage to healthy cells, resulting in fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy.
• Discuss the role of biomarkers in the selection of targeted therapies for cancer patients.
  • Biomarkers play a crucial role in the selection of targeted therapies by providing vital information about the molecular characteristics of a patient's tumor. By analyzing these biological indicators, healthcare providers can determine which specific targeted therapy may be most effective based on the genetic alterations present. This personalized approach ensures that patients receive treatments tailored to their unique cancer profiles, optimizing outcomes and minimizing unnecessary treatments.
• Evaluate how the emergence of precision medicine has influenced the development and application of targeted therapies in oncology.
  • The emergence of precision medicine has significantly influenced both the development and application of targeted therapies in oncology by promoting a more individualized approach to treatment. As researchers gain insights into the genetic makeup of different cancers through genomic profiling, they can design targeted therapies that address specific mutations found within tumors. This shift towards personalized treatment not only enhances the efficacy of interventions but also minimizes adverse effects associated with one-size-fits-all approaches. Ultimately, precision medicine fosters a deeper understanding of patient variability and encourages continuous innovation in cancer treatment strategies.

Related terms

Biomarkers: Biological indicators, often found in blood or tissue, that provide information about a patient's cancer and can help guide targeted therapy decisions.

Monoclonal Antibodies: Lab-created molecules that can bind to specific targets on cancer cells, enhancing the immune system's ability to destroy those cells.

Precision Medicine: An innovative approach to treatment that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for more effective healthcare.