Copenhagen Criteria

Definition

The Copenhagen Criteria are a set of essential requirements that a country must fulfill to be eligible for membership in the European Union (EU). These criteria focus on political stability, functioning democratic institutions, respect for human rights, a market economy, and the ability to adopt EU laws and regulations. Meeting these criteria is crucial for any aspiring EU member state as it ensures that the new member can effectively integrate into the Union's framework and uphold its core values.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Copenhagen Criteria were established during the European Council meeting in Copenhagen in 1993, marking a formalized approach to EU enlargement.
2. Political criteria include stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities.
3. Economic criteria require a functioning market economy that can withstand competition within the EU.
4. Countries must also adopt the Acquis Communautaire to align with EU laws and regulations across various sectors.
5. Candidates for EU membership are evaluated based on their progress in meeting these criteria, which can influence the timeline for their accession.

Review Questions

• What are the key components of the Copenhagen Criteria and how do they ensure that candidate countries are prepared for EU membership?
  • The key components of the Copenhagen Criteria include political stability with democratic institutions, respect for human rights, a functioning market economy, and the ability to adopt and implement EU laws. These criteria ensure that candidate countries are not only politically stable but also economically viable and ready to integrate fully into the existing EU framework. By evaluating these aspects, the EU aims to maintain its standards and values while expanding its membership.
• Discuss how the Copenhagen Criteria have influenced the process of EU enlargement since their establishment in 1993.
  • Since their establishment in 1993, the Copenhagen Criteria have played a significant role in shaping the EU enlargement process by setting clear standards for candidate countries. This has led to more rigorous assessments of political and economic reforms in aspiring members, ensuring that only those who meet these standards can join. The focus on democratic governance and human rights has also promoted stability and cooperation within Europe as countries strive to fulfill these criteria.
• Evaluate the impact of the Copenhagen Criteria on both candidate countries' domestic policies and on the overall stability of the European Union.
  • The Copenhagen Criteria have had a profound impact on candidate countries' domestic policies by pushing them to implement significant reforms aimed at establishing stable democracies and functional market economies. This transformation often involves addressing issues such as corruption, human rights abuses, and judicial independence. As these countries progress toward meeting the criteria, they contribute to greater overall stability within the European Union by enhancing regional cooperation and adherence to shared values, ultimately strengthening the union itself.

Related terms

European Union:

A political and economic union of 27 European countries that are located primarily in Europe, aiming for regional integration and cooperation.

Acquis Communautaire: The body of laws and regulations that all EU member states must adopt and implement, including legislation across various policy areas.

Enlargement: The process of adding new member states to the European Union, which has occurred several times since the EU's formation, expanding its membership significantly.