Divergent boundary

Definition

A divergent boundary is a tectonic plate boundary where two plates move apart from each other, creating new crust as magma rises to the Earth's surface. This process typically occurs at mid-ocean ridges and can lead to the formation of new oceanic crust and volcanic activity. The movement of plates at these boundaries contributes to the overall dynamics of plate tectonics, influencing geological features and geothermal resources.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Divergent boundaries are primarily found along mid-ocean ridges, where oceanic plates are moving apart and creating new seafloor.
2. The movement of tectonic plates at divergent boundaries can lead to shallow earthquakes due to the fracturing of rocks as they separate.
3. Magma that rises to the surface at these boundaries can form volcanic islands or underwater volcanoes, contributing to geothermal resources.
4. Divergent boundaries are characterized by a decrease in pressure as plates separate, allowing for the melting of mantle material into magma.
5. The East African Rift is an example of a continental divergent boundary where tectonic plates are slowly pulling apart on land.

Review Questions

• How do divergent boundaries contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust?
  • Divergent boundaries contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust through the process of seafloor spreading. As tectonic plates move apart, magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap, solidifying as it cools to create new crust. This process is most evident at mid-ocean ridges, where the upwelling of magma continuously adds new material to the ocean floor, maintaining the dynamic nature of Earth's lithosphere.
• Discuss the geological features commonly associated with divergent boundaries and their impact on geothermal energy resources.
  • Geological features commonly associated with divergent boundaries include mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and underwater volcanoes. These features are formed due to the movement of tectonic plates pulling apart. The activity at these boundaries creates geothermal energy resources, as the rising magma and heat from the Earth’s interior can be harnessed for power generation. Regions near divergent boundaries often have significant geothermal potential due to their volcanic activity.
• Evaluate the implications of divergent boundaries on global tectonics and resource distribution.
  • Divergent boundaries play a critical role in global tectonics by facilitating seafloor spreading and influencing plate interactions. As new oceanic crust forms, it affects continental drift and can alter ocean currents and climate patterns over geological timescales. Additionally, areas near divergent boundaries often possess rich geothermal resources, which can impact energy distribution and economic development. Understanding these dynamics helps in assessing both geological hazards and opportunities for sustainable energy production worldwide.

Related terms

Mid-ocean ridge: An underwater mountain range formed by the upwelling of magma at divergent boundaries, where new oceanic crust is created.

Seafloor spreading:

The process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates move apart.

Volcanism: The process through which volcanic eruptions occur, often associated with tectonic activity at divergent boundaries and subduction zones.