National War Labor Board

Definition

The National War Labor Board (NWLB) was a U.S. government agency established in 1918 to mediate labor disputes during World War I, ensuring the production of war materials. It aimed to prevent strikes and promote fair labor practices by negotiating between workers and employers, thus playing a crucial role in economic mobilization and labor changes during the war.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The NWLB was established by President Woodrow Wilson in response to labor unrest and strikes that threatened wartime production.
2. It sought to guarantee fair wages and reasonable working hours, recognizing the importance of maintaining a stable workforce during the war.
3. The board's decisions often favored organized labor, leading to an increase in union membership during the war years.
4. The NWLB operated under the principle that a well-treated workforce would be more productive and less likely to strike.
5. Its effectiveness waned after the war ended, as labor disputes resurfaced in the post-war period without the board's mediation.

Review Questions

• How did the National War Labor Board contribute to maintaining productivity during World War I?
  • The National War Labor Board played a critical role in maintaining productivity during World War I by mediating disputes between workers and employers. By promoting fair labor practices and preventing strikes, it ensured that factories could continue producing essential war materials. The board negotiated better wages and working conditions, which helped stabilize the workforce and maintain morale during a time when consistent output was crucial for the war effort.
• In what ways did the National War Labor Board influence the relationship between labor unions and employers during the war?
  • The National War Labor Board significantly influenced the relationship between labor unions and employers by favoring collective bargaining agreements that recognized union rights. As the board mediated disputes, it often sided with organized labor, leading to increased union membership and strength. This shift represented a growing recognition of labor's role in the economy, laying the groundwork for future labor relations even after the board was disbanded.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of the National War Labor Board on labor rights in America after World War I.
  • The National War Labor Board had lasting effects on labor rights in America by setting precedents for government intervention in labor disputes and recognizing workers' rights to organize. Its emphasis on fair wages and working conditions contributed to a strengthened labor movement that continued into the 1920s and beyond. While its immediate influence diminished after the war, the board's actions helped pave the way for future legislation regarding labor rights, including significant labor reforms during the New Deal era.

Related terms

War Industries Board:

A U.S. government agency that coordinated the production and procurement of war materials during World War I, prioritizing resources for military use.

Labor Movement: A social and political movement advocating for the rights of workers, focusing on improving working conditions, wages, and union representation.

Collective Bargaining: The process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at establishing agreements regarding wages, working conditions, and other aspects of employment.