Molière

Definition

Molière, born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin in 1622, was a French playwright and actor renowned for his contributions to the development of comedy in Western theater. His work, which includes famous plays such as 'Tartuffe' and 'The Misanthrope', often critiqued the social norms and hypocrisies of his time, blending humor with serious themes. His influence on both comedic writing and theatrical performance has left a lasting legacy in the world of theater.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Molière founded the 'Troupe de Monsieur', which later became the Comédie-Française, one of the most prestigious theater companies in France.
2. His play 'Tartuffe' faced censorship and controversy upon its release due to its critique of religious hypocrisy, but it remains one of his most celebrated works.
3. Molière's characters often embody exaggerated traits and flaws, allowing audiences to recognize and reflect on their own societal behaviors.
4. He wrote over 30 plays in his lifetime, many of which have become classics in the theater canon and are still performed today.
5. Molière's influence extended beyond France; his works inspired playwrights across Europe, contributing to the evolution of comedic theater worldwide.

Review Questions

• How did Molière's background influence his writing style and thematic choices in his plays?
  • Molière came from a well-to-do family but chose to pursue a career in theater despite its precarious status at the time. His experiences in various social circles allowed him to observe the follies and vices of different classes, which he adeptly critiqued in his works. This blend of personal experience and keen social observation shaped his unique ability to combine humor with insightful commentary on human behavior.
• Discuss the significance of satire in Molière's works and how it reflects the societal issues of his era.
  • Satire is a central element in Molière's plays, allowing him to address pressing social issues such as hypocrisy, greed, and the conflicts between appearances and reality. By using humor to critique societal norms, Molière not only entertained audiences but also encouraged them to reflect on their own behaviors and beliefs. His incisive commentary remains relevant today, showcasing how satire can be a powerful tool for social critique.
• Evaluate Molière's legacy on modern theater and its evolution, particularly regarding the genre of comedy.
  • Molière's legacy is profound, as he significantly shaped the genre of comedy in theater through his innovative character development and blending of humor with serious themes. His works paved the way for future playwrights to explore complex human emotions within comedic frameworks. The techniques he employed continue to influence contemporary theater practices, ensuring that his impact resonates through modern performances and writings in comedy today.

Related terms

Commedia dell'arte: An early form of professional theater originating from Italy, characterized by masked types and improvised performances that greatly influenced Molière's comedic style.

Satire:

A literary technique that uses humor, irony, or ridicule to criticize or mock individuals or society, which is a hallmark of Molière's plays.

Farce: A comic dramatic work that uses exaggerated and improbable situations, a style that Molière frequently employed to entertain audiences while addressing serious issues.