A Modest Proposal

Definition

A Modest Proposal is a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift in 1729 that suggests a shocking solution to the problem of poverty and overpopulation in Ireland. By proposing that the impoverished Irish could sell their children as food to the wealthy, Swift uses extreme irony to critique British policy and societal indifference toward the suffering of the Irish population. This piece exemplifies the use of satire as a tool for social commentary, highlighting moral and ethical issues while provoking thought and discussion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Swift wrote 'A Modest Proposal' as a response to the dire economic conditions in Ireland during the 18th century, emphasizing the neglect faced by the poor.
2. The essay is structured as a rational argument, using statistical language and logical reasoning to present its outrageous proposal, which enhances its satirical effect.
3. Swift's proposal was deliberately shocking to draw attention to the severity of poverty and the inhumane attitudes of the wealthy toward the suffering of others.
4. The work has been regarded as one of the greatest examples of sustained irony in the English language, showcasing how satire can provoke critical thought about real issues.
5. Despite its grim subject matter, 'A Modest Proposal' remains a relevant commentary on social injustice and government neglect, inspiring discussions on similar themes today.

Review Questions

• How does Jonathan Swift use satire in 'A Modest Proposal' to address social issues?
  • In 'A Modest Proposal', Swift employs satire by presenting an outrageous suggestion—selling children as food—to criticize the British government's neglect of the Irish poor. This extreme proposal highlights the absurdity of both economic exploitation and societal indifference. By using a serious tone and logical structure for such a shocking idea, Swift forces readers to confront uncomfortable truths about poverty and moral responsibility.
• Analyze the role of irony in 'A Modest Proposal' and how it contributes to Swift's message.
  • Irony plays a crucial role in 'A Modest Proposal', as Swift’s seemingly rational argument for cannibalism underscores the grotesque nature of his actual intent. The irony lies in advocating an inhumane solution while critiquing those who ignore human suffering. This contrast emphasizes the callous attitudes prevalent among the wealthy towards the impoverished, effectively driving home Swift's message about moral apathy.
• Evaluate the impact of 'A Modest Proposal' on contemporary discussions about social justice and policy reform.
  • 'A Modest Proposal' has had a lasting impact on discussions surrounding social justice and policy reform by exemplifying how satire can expose societal flaws and provoke critical debate. Its outrageous premise encourages readers to reflect on their own moral responsibilities toward marginalized groups. In today's context, Swift's work continues to inspire activists and writers who use similar techniques to challenge systemic injustices and advocate for meaningful change.

Related terms

Satire:

A literary technique that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or societal norms.

Irony: A rhetorical device where the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often used to highlight absurdity or contrast.

Social Commentary: The act of using literature, art, or other forms of expression to provide insight and critique about societal issues and human behavior.