A Petrarchan sonnet, also known as an Italian sonnet, is a 14-line poem consisting of an octave and a sestet, typically written in iambic pentameter. The octave follows an ABBAABBA rhyme scheme, presenting a problem or theme, while the sestet can vary in rhyme schemes such as CDCDCD or CDECDE, often providing a resolution or commentary on the issue raised in the octave.
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The Petrarchan sonnet is named after the Italian poet Petrarch, who popularized this form in the 14th century with his love poems dedicated to Laura.
The shift from the octave to the sestet is often marked by a 'volta,' or turn, which signifies a change in thought or perspective within the poem.
While originally written in Italian, the Petrarchan sonnet has influenced many English poets, including Shakespeare and Milton, who adapted its structure for their works.
Petrarchan sonnets often explore themes of love, nature, and existential questions, making them timeless and relevant across generations.
The rigid structure of the Petrarchan sonnet challenges poets to express complex emotions and ideas within strict limitations, showcasing their creativity.
Review Questions
How does the structure of a Petrarchan sonnet influence its thematic development?
The structure of a Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave followed by a sestet, allowing for a clear separation between presenting a problem and offering a resolution. The octave typically introduces a conflict or theme using the ABBAABBA rhyme scheme, while the sestet can take various forms to reflect on or resolve that theme. This distinct division encourages poets to explore complex emotions and thoughts within a confined space, making their writing more impactful.
Discuss the significance of the 'volta' in a Petrarchan sonnet and how it contributes to the poem's overall meaning.
The 'volta' is a critical element in a Petrarchan sonnet, marking the transition between the octave and sestet. This turn often signifies a shift in tone or perspective that deepens the reader's understanding of the poem's theme. By presenting an initial problem or emotion in the octave and then shifting to reflection or resolution in the sestet, poets can create a more nuanced exploration of their subjects, enhancing both emotional resonance and intellectual depth.
Evaluate how different poets have adapted the Petrarchan sonnet form to express diverse themes and styles throughout literary history.
Over time, various poets have adapted the Petrarchan sonnet form to suit their unique voices and thematic concerns. For example, while Petrarch himself focused primarily on unrequited love, later poets like John Milton and Elizabeth Barrett Browning used the structure to delve into political issues and complex human experiences. This adaptability showcases how the Petrarchan sonnet remains relevant across different contexts, allowing poets to experiment with language and expression while maintaining a classical framework.
Related terms
Iambic Pentameter: A metrical foot used in poetry, consisting of five pairs of unstressed and stressed syllables, commonly found in English poetry.
Sestet: The last six lines of a Petrarchan sonnet that typically respond to or resolve the situation presented in the preceding octave.
Rhyme Scheme: The pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem, which can create structure and enhance the poem's musicality.