-issime is a Latin suffix used to form the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs, indicating the highest degree or extreme quality of the root word it modifies. This suffix is particularly important in expressing qualities such as 'very' or 'most,' and it adds a nuanced level of meaning to words, allowing for comparisons that elevate the described attribute beyond mere positive or negative forms.
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-issime is typically added to the stem of adjectives and sometimes adverbs, transforming them into their superlative forms.
Common examples include 'fortis' (strong) becoming 'fortissime' (very strong) and 'celer' (swift) turning into 'celerrime' (very swift).
This suffix can also combine with certain prefixes to form complex superlatives, enriching the language's descriptive capacity.
In Latin poetry and prose, using -issime can convey not just extremity but also emotional intensity, enhancing the expressiveness of the text.
The use of -issime can vary slightly in different contexts, such as formal versus colloquial usage, impacting how superlatives are perceived in communication.
Review Questions
How does the suffix -issime contribute to the formation of adverbs in Latin?
-issime plays a key role in transforming base adjectives into superlative adverbs, allowing for expressions of extremity or intensity. For example, when 'fortis' (strong) becomes 'fortissime,' it enhances not just the meaning but also the emotional weight of the description. This transformation is essential for creating nuanced expressions in both written and spoken Latin.
Compare and contrast the use of -issime with other comparative forms in Latin. What unique qualities does it offer?
-issime serves a distinct function compared to other comparative forms like '-ior.' While '-ior' indicates a higher degree between two items (making comparisons), -issime emphasizes the utmost degree within a larger group. This makes it particularly useful for conveying superlative qualities that stand out sharply against others, enriching the language's descriptive ability.
Evaluate how the use of -issime can affect emotional expression in Latin literature and rhetoric. What implications does this have for understanding context?
The incorporation of -issime into Latin literature amplifies not only descriptive clarity but also emotional resonance within texts. By choosing superlatives formed with this suffix, authors can evoke stronger reactions from their audience, making their arguments or narratives more compelling. Understanding this usage is crucial for interpreting texts accurately, as it highlights nuances that reflect cultural attitudes and values inherent in the language.
Related terms
Comparative: A grammatical form that indicates a higher degree of quality, usually formed by adding '-ior' for adjectives.
Adverb: A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, often describing how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed.
Superlative: The form of an adjective or adverb used to denote the highest degree among three or more items, often marked by the suffix '-issime' in Latin.