Humanism

Definition

Humanism is an intellectual movement that emerged during the Renaissance, emphasizing the value and agency of human beings, focusing on classical texts, and advocating for education in the humanities. It marked a shift from medieval scholasticism to a renewed interest in the classical arts and sciences, connecting individuals with their own potential and fostering a spirit of inquiry and creativity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Humanism played a crucial role in the transition from medieval to Renaissance art, influencing artists to explore naturalism and perspective.
2. The focus on individual potential and achievement led to the emergence of artist biographies, showcasing the lives and contributions of artists as important figures in society.
3. Humanists sought to rediscover classical texts from Greek and Roman philosophers, which influenced not only art but also literature, science, and education.
4. The Medici family, notable patrons of the arts in Florence, were instrumental in promoting humanism by funding artists and thinkers who embodied its ideals.
5. Humanism's emphasis on education led to the establishment of schools focused on humanities, laying the groundwork for modern educational systems.

Review Questions

• How did humanism influence the transition from medieval to Renaissance artistic conventions?
  • Humanism significantly influenced this transition by promoting a focus on individual expression and observation of the natural world. Artists began to move away from strictly religious themes towards representations that included mythological subjects, portraits, and scenes of everyday life. This shift encouraged greater realism in art as artists studied anatomy, perspective, and light—elements that would characterize Renaissance art.
• In what ways did humanism contribute to the changing status of artists in society during the Renaissance?
  • Humanism elevated the status of artists by recognizing them as intellectuals rather than mere craftsmen. This was reflected in the rise of artist biographies that celebrated their lives and achievements, showcasing their skills in line with the values of individual potential championed by humanism. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo became cultural icons, which allowed them greater freedom and respect within society.
• Evaluate the impact of humanism on art education during the Early Renaissance and how it shaped future artistic movements.
  • Humanism fundamentally transformed art education by introducing a curriculum centered around classical texts and critical thinking rather than solely religious doctrine. This focus on humanities encouraged artists to study anatomy, perspective, and composition more rigorously. The principles established by humanist thinkers laid a foundation for artistic innovation that would continue to evolve into later movements such as Baroque and Neoclassicism, influencing how art was taught and appreciated long after the Renaissance period.

Related terms

Classical Antiquity: The period of cultural history centered around the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome, whose literature, art, and philosophy inspired the humanist movement.

Renaissance: A cultural and artistic movement that began in Italy in the 14th century and is characterized by a renewed interest in classical antiquity, which humanists sought to revive in various forms.

Secularism:

The principle of separating religion from civic affairs and the state, which humanists often supported as they promoted human-centered subjects over religious ones.