Capitalism

Definition

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, where investments and production are driven by profit motives in a competitive marketplace. This system encourages innovation and efficiency as businesses seek to maximize their profits, often leading to wealth accumulation and social stratification.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Capitalism emerged as a dominant economic system in Europe during the late 18th century, particularly with the advent of the Industrial Revolution.
2. In a capitalist system, market forces determine prices and production levels, allowing for the dynamic allocation of resources based on supply and demand.
3. Capitalism often leads to significant economic growth, but it can also create stark inequalities in wealth and power among different social classes.
4. Brecht critiqued capitalism through his Epic Theatre by highlighting the social injustices it perpetuates, aiming to provoke thought rather than mere emotional response from the audience.
5. The concept of alienation is prevalent in capitalist societies, as workers may feel disconnected from the products of their labor, which can affect their sense of identity and fulfillment.

Review Questions

• How does capitalism influence the themes presented in Brecht's Epic Theatre?
  • Capitalism heavily influences Brecht's Epic Theatre by shaping its themes around social injustice and class struggle. Brecht sought to make audiences aware of the economic structures that lead to societal issues, using techniques like alienation to encourage critical thinking about capitalism's effects. By portraying characters caught in the throes of capitalist exploitation, Brecht prompts viewers to question their roles within this economic system.
• In what ways does Brecht’s use of alienation effect serve as a critique of capitalist values?
  • Brecht’s use of alienation effect serves as a critique of capitalist values by distancing the audience from emotional engagement, thereby encouraging rational thought about societal issues. This technique reveals the contradictions within capitalism, such as the disparity between wealth and poverty. By disrupting conventional storytelling methods, Brecht forces viewers to confront the socio-economic realities perpetuated by capitalism, leading them to consider alternative social arrangements.
• Evaluate how Brecht’s perspective on capitalism might challenge contemporary views on economic systems and social responsibility.
  • Brecht’s perspective on capitalism challenges contemporary views by emphasizing that unchecked economic systems can lead to social inequity and moral complacency. His emphasis on the role of art in stimulating critical awareness positions theatre as a medium for activism against capitalist exploitation. In today’s world, where economic disparities remain significant, Brecht’s approach advocates for artistic engagement that inspires audiences to reflect on their own responsibilities within an economic framework that often prioritizes profit over people.

Related terms

Free Market: An economic system where prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses.

Class Struggle: The conflict of interests between workers and the ruling class in a capitalist society, often leading to social and economic inequality.

Proletariat: The working class in a capitalist society, who sell their labor for wages and are often at odds with the capitalist class.