Agnew's General Strain Theory

Definition

Agnew's General Strain Theory posits that individuals experience strain when they are unable to achieve socially approved goals, face negative experiences, or lose something of value. This theory expands on earlier strain theories by emphasizing that a variety of strains can lead to negative emotions, which may increase the likelihood of criminal behavior as individuals seek to cope with their feelings.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Agnew identifies three main types of strain: the failure to achieve goals, the removal of positively valued stimuli, and the presentation of negative stimuli.
2. Negative emotions resulting from strain can include anger, frustration, and disappointment, which may lead individuals to engage in deviant behaviors as a form of coping.
3. The theory emphasizes that not all individuals react to strain in the same way; factors such as personality traits and social support can influence how one copes.
4. Agnew's General Strain Theory highlights the importance of social relationships and community in mitigating the effects of strain on behavior.
5. The theory has been widely applied in criminology to explain various forms of criminal behavior, particularly among youth who may lack effective coping strategies.

Review Questions

• How does Agnew's General Strain Theory expand upon earlier strain theories in understanding crime?
  • Agnew's General Strain Theory builds on earlier models by introducing a broader range of strains beyond just economic failure. It includes factors such as loss of valued relationships and exposure to negative stimuli. This expansion allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how different types of strain can lead to negative emotions and potentially criminal behavior. It acknowledges that not all strains are economic in nature, thus providing a more nuanced view of why individuals might resort to crime.
• Discuss the significance of coping mechanisms within Agnew's General Strain Theory and their impact on criminal behavior.
  • Coping mechanisms play a crucial role in Agnew's General Strain Theory as they determine how individuals respond to strain. Positive coping strategies, like seeking social support or problem-solving, can reduce the likelihood of turning to crime. Conversely, negative coping strategies—such as substance abuse or aggression—can increase the chances of engaging in deviant behaviors. Understanding these mechanisms helps identify protective factors that can reduce criminal behavior in strained individuals.
• Evaluate how Agnew's General Strain Theory addresses the role of social relationships in shaping an individual's response to strain and subsequent behavior.
  • Agnew's General Strain Theory emphasizes that social relationships significantly influence how individuals cope with strain. Strong social networks can provide emotional support and help mitigate the effects of negative experiences, leading to healthier coping strategies. In contrast, individuals lacking supportive relationships may be more vulnerable to acting out through crime as a means of dealing with their frustrations. This evaluation highlights the importance of community and social connections in preventing crime by fostering resilience against strain.

Related terms

Strain: The pressure individuals feel when they cannot achieve their goals through legitimate means.

Coping Mechanisms: Strategies individuals use to manage the emotional responses to strain, which can be either positive or negative.

Anomie: A state of normlessness in society where individuals feel disconnected from social norms and values, often leading to deviant behavior.