Tumor suppressor genes

Definition

Tumor suppressor genes are genes that regulate cell growth by inhibiting cell division and preventing tumor formation. When these genes are mutated or inactivated, uncontrolled cell proliferation can lead to cancer.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Tumor suppressor genes produce proteins that repair damaged DNA or induce apoptosis.
2. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can be inherited, increasing the risk of certain cancers.
3. Examples of tumor suppressor genes include TP53, BRCA1, and RB1.
4. The loss of function in both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene is usually required for cancer development.
5. Tumor suppressor gene mutations can lead to the evasion of growth suppression mechanisms.

Review Questions

• What role do tumor suppressor genes play in regulating the cell cycle?
• Name three examples of tumor suppressor genes and their associated cancers.
• How do mutations in tumor suppressor genes contribute to the development of cancer?

Related terms

Oncogenes: Genes that promote cell division and survival, which can lead to cancer when mutated or overexpressed

Apoptosis: The process of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells

Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Control mechanisms in the cell cycle that ensure proper division and prevent errors such as DNA damage