Nucleotides

Definition

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nucleotides form the structural units of nucleic acids.
2. There are five primary nitrogenous bases in nucleotides: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (in DNA), and uracil (in RNA).
3. The sugar in DNA nucleotides is deoxyribose, while in RNA it is ribose.
4. Nucleotides play key roles in cellular energy transfer through molecules like ATP.
5. They are involved in cell signaling and metabolism as components of coenzymes.

Review Questions

• What are the three main components of a nucleotide?
• Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
• How do nucleotides contribute to cellular energy transfer?

Related terms

DNA:

A molecule that carries genetic instructions used in growth, development, and reproduction.

RNA:

A molecule essential for various biological roles including coding, regulation, and expression of genes.

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate, a nucleotide that serves as the primary energy carrier in cells.