Cerebrum

Definition

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, responsible for various higher brain functions such as thought, action, and sensory processing. It is divided into two hemispheres, each containing distinct lobes that handle different aspects of cognition and sensory information, making it essential for tasks like decision-making, movement coordination, and memory.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The cerebrum accounts for about 85% of the brain's total weight and is crucial for integrating sensory information.
2. Each hemisphere of the cerebrum controls functions on the opposite side of the body, known as contralateral control.
3. The left hemisphere is often associated with logical reasoning and analytical tasks, while the right hemisphere is linked to creativity and spatial awareness.
4. Damage to specific areas of the cerebrum can lead to distinct deficits in behavior or cognitive abilities, showcasing its specialized regions.
5. The cerebrum develops throughout childhood and adolescence, reflecting changes in cognitive capabilities and learning processes.

Review Questions

• How do the two hemispheres of the cerebrum differ in terms of function?
  • The two hemispheres of the cerebrum have specialized functions that contribute to overall brain activity. The left hemisphere is typically associated with logical reasoning, analytical skills, and language processing. In contrast, the right hemisphere is more involved with creative tasks, artistic abilities, and spatial awareness. This division allows for a more efficient processing of information as each side specializes in different cognitive functions.
• Discuss how damage to specific areas of the cerebrum can affect cognitive and behavioral functions.
  • Damage to specific regions of the cerebrum can result in particular deficits related to that area’s function. For example, injury to the frontal lobe may impair decision-making and impulse control, while damage to the temporal lobe could lead to difficulties with memory or speech comprehension. This highlights how localized functions within the cerebrum are tied closely to specific behaviors and cognitive abilities.
• Evaluate the role of neuroplasticity in learning and recovery from brain injuries involving the cerebrum.
  • Neuroplasticity plays a crucial role in both learning and recovery following brain injuries that impact the cerebrum. When learning new skills or information, the brain forms new neural connections within the cerebral cortex, allowing for improved function and adaptability. After an injury, neuroplasticity enables other parts of the brain to take over lost functions or compensate for damaged areas. This capability emphasizes the dynamic nature of brain structure and function in response to experience and injury.

Related terms

cerebral cortex:

The outer layer of the cerebrum, involved in complex brain functions such as perception, thought, and voluntary movement.

lobes: The divisions of the cerebrum, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, each specializing in different cognitive and sensory functions.

neuroplasticity:

The ability of the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, which is especially prominent in the cerebrum.