Compass

Definition

A compass is a navigational instrument that shows direction relative to the Earth's magnetic poles. This device became crucial for early explorers during their voyages, enabling them to traverse the oceans with greater accuracy and confidence. Its use allowed sailors to navigate even when landmarks were not visible, significantly impacting the ability of the Spanish and Portuguese to explore and map new territories during their early maritime expeditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The magnetic compass was introduced to Europe in the 12th century and was essential for navigating uncharted waters.
2. Portuguese navigators were among the first to adopt the compass extensively, using it to explore the African coast and beyond.
3. The compass allowed for better navigation in open waters, reducing reliance on coastal landmarks and improving the safety of sea voyages.
4. Sailors learned to understand the declination of the magnetic compass, which varies depending on location, further enhancing their navigational skills.
5. The combination of the compass with other navigational tools like charts and astrolabes facilitated long-distance sea travel during this era.

Review Questions

• How did the invention of the compass change navigation practices among early explorers?
  • The invention of the compass transformed navigation practices by providing a reliable means for sailors to determine direction, even when land was out of sight. Early explorers could venture further into unknown waters without the fear of losing their way, leading to significant maritime discoveries. This newfound confidence in navigation played a crucial role in enabling explorers from Spain and Portugal to embark on ambitious voyages that expanded European knowledge of the globe.
• Evaluate the impact of the compass on Spanish and Portuguese exploration during the Age of Discovery.
  • The compass significantly impacted Spanish and Portuguese exploration by enhancing navigational accuracy and safety. As these nations sought new trade routes and territories, the compass allowed explorers to venture deeper into open seas with greater confidence. This technological advancement contributed to successful expeditions that led to the discovery of new lands and facilitated European expansion into Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
• Discuss how advancements in navigational technology, including the compass, influenced global trade patterns in the 15th and 16th centuries.
  • Advancements in navigational technology, particularly the introduction of the compass, played a pivotal role in shaping global trade patterns during the 15th and 16th centuries. With improved navigation capabilities, European explorers could establish direct sea routes to Asia and other parts of the world, bypassing traditional overland routes controlled by intermediaries. This shift not only expanded European influence globally but also led to increased competition among maritime powers for control over lucrative trade routes and resources, ultimately changing economic dynamics worldwide.

Related terms

Astrolabe: An ancient tool used by sailors to determine latitude by measuring the altitude of celestial bodies.

Longitude: The geographical coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface, essential for navigation.

Cartography: The art and science of map-making, which evolved significantly during the Age of Exploration, aided by tools like the compass.