Thermoregulation

Definition

Thermoregulation is the process by which animals maintain their internal body temperature within a tolerable range despite external fluctuations. It is a critical component of homeostasis that ensures optimal functioning of physiological processes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Endotherms regulate body temperature through internal metabolic processes, while ectotherms rely on external environmental conditions.
2. The hypothalamus in the brain acts as the body's thermostat, detecting changes in temperature and initiating appropriate responses.
3. Mechanisms of thermoregulation include sweating, shivering, vasodilation, and vasoconstriction.
4. Behavioral adaptations like seeking shade or basking in the sun also play a significant role in thermoregulation.
5. Thermoregulatory failure can lead to hyperthermia or hypothermia, both of which can be life-threatening.

Review Questions

• What role does the hypothalamus play in thermoregulation?
• How do endotherms and ectotherms differ in their methods of thermoregulation?
• Name two physiological and two behavioral mechanisms animals use for thermoregulation.

Related terms

Homeostasis:

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism.

Hypothalamus:

A region of the brain responsible for regulating various bodily functions, including temperature control.

Vasodilation: The widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow and release heat from the body.