A soil profile is a vertical section of soil from the ground surface downwards to where the soil meets the underlying rock. It reveals different layers or horizons, each with distinct characteristics and compositions.
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A typical soil profile consists of three main horizons: O (organic matter), A (topsoil), and B (subsoil).
The topmost layer, O horizon, is rich in organic material such as decomposed leaves and plants.
The A horizon, or topsoil, contains a mix of minerals, organic material, and is crucial for plant growth.
The B horizon, or subsoil, accumulates minerals leached from the A horizon and has a higher clay content.
Soil profiles vary significantly depending on factors like climate, vegetation, and parent material.
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Related terms
Horizon: A distinct layer of soil within a soil profile.
Leaching: The process by which soluble substances are washed out from the soil.
Parent Material: The underlying geological material from which soil horizons develop.