Proteins

Definition

Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of amino acids that perform a vast array of functions within organisms. They play key roles in structural support, catalysis of biochemical reactions, immune response, and cell signaling.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Proteins are made up of 20 different amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds.
2. The primary structure of a protein is its unique sequence of amino acids.
3. Proteins can have four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
4. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
5. Protein function is highly dependent on its three-dimensional shape, which can be affected by changes in pH and temperature.

Review Questions

• What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?
• Name the four levels of protein structure.
• How do enzymes relate to proteins?

Related terms

Amino Acids:

The building blocks of proteins, consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain specific to each amino acid.

Peptide Bond: A covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Enzyme: A type of protein that acts as a catalyst to accelerate biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process.