The product rule is a principle in probability that states the probability of two independent events both occurring is the product of their individual probabilities. In genetics, it helps predict the likelihood of offspring inheriting specific combinations of traits.
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The product rule applies when determining the probability of inheriting multiple independent traits simultaneously.
Gregor Mendel used the product rule to explain how different traits are inherited independently through his dihybrid crosses.
The formula for the product rule is P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B), where A and B are independent events.
The product rule assumes that each trait is inherited independently according to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
In practice, if a pea plant has a 3/4 chance of having yellow seeds and a 1/4 chance of being tall, the probability of having yellow seeds and being tall is (3/4)*(1/4) = 3/16.
Review Questions
How does the product rule help in predicting genetic outcomes?
What is the formula for calculating probabilities using the product rule?
Why must traits be inherited independently for the product rule to apply?