Product rule

Definition

The product rule is a principle in probability that states the probability of two independent events both occurring is the product of their individual probabilities. In genetics, it helps predict the likelihood of offspring inheriting specific combinations of traits.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The product rule applies when determining the probability of inheriting multiple independent traits simultaneously.
2. Gregor Mendel used the product rule to explain how different traits are inherited independently through his dihybrid crosses.
3. The formula for the product rule is P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B), where A and B are independent events.
4. The product rule assumes that each trait is inherited independently according to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
5. In practice, if a pea plant has a 3/4 chance of having yellow seeds and a 1/4 chance of being tall, the probability of having yellow seeds and being tall is (3/4)*(1/4) = 3/16.

Review Questions

• How does the product rule help in predicting genetic outcomes?
• What is the formula for calculating probabilities using the product rule?
• Why must traits be inherited independently for the product rule to apply?

Related terms

Law of Independent Assortment:

Mendel's principle stating that genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

Dihybrid Cross: A cross between two individuals that differ in two observed traits controlled by distinct genes.

Probability: A measure quantifying the likelihood that an event will occur.