Posterior pituitary

Definition

The posterior pituitary is the back portion of the pituitary gland that stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. It plays a crucial role in regulating vital body functions through hormone secretion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The posterior pituitary releases two primary hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH).
2. Oxytocin is involved in childbirth and lactation, stimulating contractions and milk ejection.
3. Vasopressin regulates water balance in the body by controlling kidney function.
4. The posterior pituitary does not produce hormones itself; it stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus.
5. Damage to the posterior pituitary can lead to conditions like diabetes insipidus due to insufficient ADH release.

Review Questions

• What are the two main hormones released by the posterior pituitary?
• How does vasopressin affect kidney function?
• Explain why the posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones.

Related terms

hypothalamus:

The brain region that produces hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

anterior pituitary:

The front portion of the pituitary gland that produces and secretes its own hormones.

oxytocin:

A hormone released by the posterior pituitary involved in childbirth and lactation.