Oligodendrocytes

Definition

Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system. They produce myelin, which insulates axons to facilitate rapid transmission of electrical signals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple axons simultaneously.
2. They are crucial for maintaining the integrity and efficiency of neural communication.
3. Diseases such as multiple sclerosis involve damage to oligodendrocytes and their myelin sheaths.
4. Oligodendrocytes originate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the brain and spinal cord.
5. Unlike Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, which myelinate single axons, oligodendrocytes can extend their processes to multiple neurons.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes?
• How do oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells in terms of myelination?
• What role do oligodendrocytes play in diseases like multiple sclerosis?

Related terms

Neuron: A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; consists of a cell body, an axon, and dendrites.

Myelin Sheath: An insulating layer around nerves, made up of protein and fatty substances, allowing for faster transmission of electrical signals.

Schwann Cell: A type of glial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system and supports nerve regeneration.