Mutualism

Definition

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both species involved benefit from the interaction. It enhances the survival, reproduction, and overall fitness of both organisms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mutualism can be obligate or facultative; obligate mutualism means the species are interdependent and cannot survive without each other.
2. A classic example of mutualism is the relationship between bees and flowering plants, where bees get nectar and plants get pollinated.
3. Mutualistic relationships can involve different types of benefits such as nutritional, protective, or transport services.
4. Mutualism contrasts with other symbiotic relationships like parasitism (one benefits, one is harmed) and commensalism (one benefits, one is unaffected).
5. Mycorrhizal associations between fungi and plant roots are another example of mutualism; fungi assist in nutrient absorption for the plant while receiving carbohydrates.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes mutualism from other forms of symbiosis?
• Can you provide an example of an obligate mutualistic relationship?
• How do mycorrhizal associations benefit both fungi and plants?

Related terms

Parasitism:

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.

Commensalism:

A type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Symbiosis:

A close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms.