Latency

Definition

Latency is a dormant state in which a virus remains inactive within the host cell without causing immediate symptoms. During this period, the viral genome persists in the host cell until reactivation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a classic example of a virus that exhibits latency.
2. Latency allows viruses to evade the host's immune system and persist for long periods.
3. Reactivation of latent viruses can occur due to stress, immunosuppression, or other triggers.
4. Latent infections can be asymptomatic, meaning the host shows no signs of illness during this period.
5. Latency is an important factor in chronic viral infections and can complicate treatment strategies.

Review Questions

• What is meant by viral latency?
• Name one virus known for its ability to remain latent within host cells.
• What factors might trigger the reactivation of a latent virus?

Related terms

Lysogenic Cycle: A type of viral replication where the virus integrates its DNA into the host genome and replicates along with it without causing lysis.

Provirus:

Viral DNA that has integrated into the host cell's DNA and can remain dormant for extended periods.

Reactivation: The process by which a dormant or latent virus resumes active replication and causes symptoms.