Geometric isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a double bond or ring structure. These differences can lead to distinct chemical and physical properties.
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Geometric isomers arise due to restricted rotation around double bonds or within rings.
The two main types are cis-isomers (same side) and trans-isomers (opposite sides).
They exhibit different physical properties such as boiling points, melting points, and densities.
Geometric isomers can have different biological activities and interactions with enzymes.
Recognition of geometric isomerism is crucial in understanding molecular function and reactivity in biological systems.
Review Questions
What causes the formation of geometric isomers?
How do cis-isomers differ from trans-isomers?
Why are geometric isomers important in biological contexts?
Related terms
Isomer: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.
Cis-Trans Isomerism: A type of geometric isomerism where groups are positioned either on the same side (cis) or opposite sides (trans) of a double bond.
Stereoisomer: Isomers that differ only in the spatial orientation of their atoms.