Decomposers

Definition

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. In prokaryotes, this role is often filled by certain bacteria and archaea.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Decomposers play a crucial role in nutrient cycling by breaking down complex organic materials into simpler inorganic compounds.
2. Many decomposer bacteria are chemoheterotrophs, obtaining energy by oxidizing organic compounds.
3. Some decomposer archaea can perform anaerobic decomposition, thriving in oxygen-poor environments like deep-sea vents.
4. Decomposer prokaryotes secrete enzymes to digest organic material externally before absorbing the nutrients.
5. The activity of decomposers helps maintain soil health and fertility by replenishing essential nutrients.

Review Questions

• What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
• How do decomposer bacteria obtain their energy?
• Why are some archaea particularly suited for decomposition in oxygen-poor environments?

Related terms

chemoheterotrophs:

Organisms that obtain both energy and carbon from organic molecules.

nutrient cycling: The process of recycling nutrients in various chemical forms from the environment to organisms and back to the environment.

enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, including those involved in breaking down organic matter.