Cranial nerves

Definition

Cranial nerves are twelve pairs of nerves that emerge directly from the brain, including the brainstem. They primarily serve the head and neck regions, providing motor and sensory functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, each with a specific function.
2. Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve responsible for the sense of smell.
3. The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) extends beyond the head to organs in the chest and abdomen.
4. Cranial nerves can be classified as sensory, motor, or both based on their primary functions.
5. Damage to cranial nerves can result in loss of function related to their specific roles, such as impaired vision or hearing.

Review Questions

• How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
• Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
• What type of functions do cranial nerves provide?

Related terms

Peripheral Nervous System: The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord that includes cranial and spinal nerves.

Sensory Nerves: Nerves that transmit sensory information like touch, pain, temperature, and position from various parts of the body to the central nervous system.

Motor Nerves: Nerves that convey impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands to stimulate movement or secretion.