Articular cartilage

Definition

Articular cartilage is a smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. It plays a critical role in reducing friction between the bones during movement and acts as a shock absorber, helping to distribute loads across the joint surfaces. The health of articular cartilage is essential for maintaining joint function and mobility, as it allows for smooth skeletal movement.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Articular cartilage is avascular, meaning it does not contain blood vessels, which makes its repair process slow and limited.
2. This type of cartilage is primarily composed of water, collagen fibers, and proteoglycans, which contribute to its unique mechanical properties.
3. As we age or due to repetitive stress, articular cartilage can wear down, leading to conditions like osteoarthritis.
4. Articular cartilage has a high ability to withstand compressive forces but is less resilient to shear forces, making joint protection crucial.
5. Maintaining healthy articular cartilage is vital for overall joint health, which can be supported through regular exercise and a balanced diet rich in nutrients.

Review Questions

• How does articular cartilage contribute to joint function and skeletal movement?
  • Articular cartilage plays a vital role in joint function by providing a smooth surface for bones to glide over each other during movement. This reduction in friction allows for easier and more efficient motion, while also protecting the underlying bones from wear and tear. Additionally, it absorbs shock from various forces applied to the joint, helping to maintain stability and reduce the risk of injury.
• Discuss the consequences of damage to articular cartilage on joint health and mobility.
  • Damage to articular cartilage can lead to significant consequences for joint health, such as increased friction between bones, which may cause pain and inflammation. Over time, this damage can result in degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis, where the cartilage continues to deteriorate. The loss of cushioning and support affects mobility and can severely limit daily activities, emphasizing the importance of protecting this tissue.
• Evaluate the impact of lifestyle choices on the health of articular cartilage and potential interventions for maintaining its integrity.
  • Lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and weight management greatly influence the health of articular cartilage. Regular low-impact exercise helps maintain joint function and prevents stiffness while strengthening surrounding muscles. Additionally, consuming a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can support cartilage health. Interventions like physical therapy or supplements may also be beneficial for individuals at risk of cartilage degradation or those with existing joint issues.

Related terms

Synovial Fluid: A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints, which lubricates the articular cartilage and reduces friction during joint movement.

Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility in affected joints.

Subchondral Bone: The layer of bone just beneath the articular cartilage that provides support and absorbs shock from joint loading.