Pascal’s principle

Definition

Pascal’s principle states that any change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. This principle is fundamental in understanding hydraulic systems and their applications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pascal's principle can be mathematically expressed as $\Delta P = \rho g \Delta h$, where $P$ is pressure, $\rho$ is fluid density, $g$ is gravitational acceleration, and $h$ is height.
2. The principle explains why hydraulic lifts work; applying a force at one point creates an equal increase in pressure throughout the system.
3. In integration problems, Pascal's principle can help determine force distributions in fluids with varying heights or densities.
4. The principle assumes that the fluid is incompressible and the container does not expand or contract under pressure.
5. Real-world applications include car brakes, hydraulic jacks, and even the human circulatory system.

Review Questions

• How does Pascal’s principle relate to changes in pressure within a closed system?
• What mathematical expression represents Pascal’s principle and how can it be derived?
• Can you explain a practical application of Pascal's principle using integration techniques?

Related terms

Hydrostatic Pressure:

Pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity.

Hydraulic Lift: A device using Pascal's principle to lift heavy loads through applied pressures over connected pistons.

Incompressible Fluid: A fluid whose density remains constant regardless of changes in pressure.